Purchase

Shares bought by the person, usually with their own money on the open market.

Sale

Shares sold by the person. A sale can happen for many reasons and is not automatically bearish.

Award / grant

Company-issued shares used as compensation. This is not an open-market purchase or a prize.

Option exercise

Employee options converted into shares, sometimes followed by a sale to cover taxes or costs.

Gift

Shares transferred without a normal market purchase or sale, often for family or charitable reasons.